Sushruta Samhita Uttaratantra Chapter 63 Rasabheda Vikalpa Adhyāya (Classes of Tastes)

AIAPGET POINTS

1.   Acharya Sushruta enumerates 63 classes of Rasas in Chapter 63 of Sushruta Uttara.
2.   2 Rasa Mixtures are 15 in quantity.
3.   In whole, 20 varieties of 3 Rasa Mixtures are fashioned.
4.   In whole, 15 varieties of 4 Rasa Mixtures are fashioned.
5.   5 Rasa mixtures are 6 in quantity.

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The 63rd chapter of Uttaratantra of Sushruta Samhita is called as Rasabheda Vikalpa Adhyāya. This chapter offers with Classes of Tastes. 

अथातो रसभेदविकल्पमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

We are going to now expound the chapter on Rasabheda vikalpa- classes of tastes; as revealed by the venerable Dhafivañtari.

दोषाणां पञ्चदशधा प्रसरोऽभिहितस्तु यः |
त्रिषष्ट्या रसाभेदानां तत्प्रयोजनमुच्यते ||३||
अविदग्धा विदग्धाश्च भिद्यन्ते ते त्रिषष्टिधा |
रसभेदत्रिषष्टिं तु वीक्ष्य वीक्ष्यावचारयेत् ||४||

Within the Sutra Sthana part, chapter 21, it was already acknowledged that the doshas unfold all through the physique in fifteen alternative ways. On this context, sixty three classes of tastes shall be described for the aim of remedy of these doshas (that are spreading in numerous methods).

Tastes are six in numbers. Every particular person style and in numerous mixtures with different tastes turn out to be sixty three in quantity. Solely after fastidiously contemplating the sixty three mixtures of tastes within the herbs (medicines), the doctor ought to carry them into use.

एकैकेनानुगमनं भागशो यदुदीरितम् |
दोषाणां, तत्र मतिमान् त्रिषष्टिं तु प्रयोजयेत् ||५||

An clever doctor ought to undertake these tastes skilfully as beneath talked about –

–        every one (style) individually in case of aggravation of doshas in elements, every dosha separate, and

–        the sixty three mixtures of tastes in case of aggravation of doshas in mixtures of two or three

Classes of two tastes

यथाक्रमप्रवृत्तानां द्विकेषु मधुरो रसः |
पञ्चानुक्रमते योगानम्लश्चतुर एव तु ||६||
त्रींश्चानुगच्छति रसो लवणः कटुको द्वयम् |
तिक्तः कषायमन्वेति ते द्विका दश पञ्च च ||७||
तद्यथा- मधुराम्लः(१), मधुरलवणः(२), मधुरकटुकः(३), मधुरतिक्तः(४), मधुरकषायः(५), एतेपञ्चानुक्रान्ता मधुरेण; अम्ललवणः(१), अम्लकटुकः(२), अम्लतिक्तः(३), अम्लकषायः(४), एते चत्वारोऽनुक्रान्ता अम्लेन; लवणकटुकः(१), लवणतिक्तः(२), लवणकषायः(३), एते त्रयोऽनुक्रान्ता लवणेन; कटुतिक्तः(१), कटुकषायः(२), द्वावेतावनुक्रान्तौ कटुकेन; तिक्तकषायः(१) एक एवानुक्रान्तस्तिक्तेन; एवमेते पञ्चदश द्विकसंयोगा व्याख्याताः ||८||

Classification-

Continuing additional,

–       madhura rasa (candy style) along with one other one makes 5 classes;

–       amla rasa (bitter style) along with one other one makes 4 classes;

–       lavaṇa (salt) along with one other one makes three classes;

–       katu rasa (pungent style) along with one other one makes two classes;

–       tikta rasa (bitter style) and kaşāya (astringent style) along with one other one makes two classes;

Fifteen classes are fashioned thus.

They’re as follows-

Beneath talked about are the 5 mixtures of madhura rasa – candy style –

1. Madhura + amla
2. Madhura + lavana 
3. Madhura + Katu           
4. Madhura + Tikta
5. Madhura + Kashaya

Beneath talked about are the 4 mixtures of amla rasa – bitter style –

1. Amla + Lavaṇa
2. Amla + Katu
3. Amla + Tikta
4. Amla + Kashaya

Beneath talked about are the three mixtures of lavana rasa – salt style –

1. Lavaṇa + Katu
2. Lavana + Tikta
3. Lavana + Kashaya

Beneath talked about are the 2 mixtures of katu rasa – pungent style –

1. Katu +Tikta
2. Katu + Kashaya

Beneath talked about is one mixture of tikta rasa – bitter style –

1. Tikta + Kaṣāya

This one is the mix of tikta.

Classes of three tastes

त्रिकान् वक्ष्यामः-
आदौ प्रयुज्यमानस्तु मधुरो दश गच्छति |
षडम्लो लवणस्तस्मादर्धमेकं तथा कटुः ||९||

Now, the classes of three tastes shall now be described –

To start with,

–        madhura rasa – candy style, together with different two tastes kinds ten classes;

–        amla rasa – bitter style, together with different two tastes, kinds six classes,

–        lavana rasa – salt style, together with different two tastes, kinds half of it (in different phrases three) and

–        katu rasa – pungent style, together with different two tastes, kinds just one class

If Amla Rasa is counted as the primary Rasa, what number of 3 RASA mixtures / varieties would it not kind together with different Rasas?

1. 15
2.   05
3. 06
4.   10

Ans – d. 10. Ref – Su.Ut.63/9-10

तद्यथा- मधुराम्ललवणः(१), मधुराम्लकटुकः(२), मधुराम्लतिक्तः(३), मधुराम्लकषायः(४), मधुरलवणकटुकः(५), मधुरलवणतिक्ताः(६), मधुरलवणकषायः(७), मधुरकटुकतिक्तः(८), मधुरकटुकषायः(९), मधुरतिक्तकषायः(१०), एवमेषां दशानां त्रिकसंयोगानामादौ मधुरः प्रयुज्यते; अम्ललवणकटुकः(१), अम्ललवणतिक्तः(२), अम्ललवणकषायः(३), अम्लकटुतिक्तः(४), अम्लकटुकषायः(५), अम्लतिक्तकषायः(६), एवमेषां षण्णामादावम्लः प्रयुज्यते; लवणकटुतिक्तः(१), लवणकटुकषायः(२), लवणतिक्तकषायः(३), एवमेषां त्रयाणामादौ लवणः प्रयुज्यते; कटुतिक्तकषायः(१), एवमेकस्यादौ कटुकः प्रयुज्यते; एवमेते त्रिकसंयोगा विंशतिर्व्याख्याताः ||१०||

They’re as follows –

Beneath talked about ten classes are fashioned from mixture of three tastes, commencing from madhura rasa – candy style

1.   Madhura   +Amla+ Lavana
2.   Madhura  + Amla+ Katu
3.   Madhura  + Amla+ Tikta
4.   Madhura  + Amla+ Kasaya
5.   Madhura  + Lavana+ Katu
6.   Madhura  + LAvana + Tikta
7.   Madhura  + Lavana+ Kasaya
8.   Madhura  + Katu+Tikta
9.   Madhura  + Katu+Kasaya
10. Madhura  + Tikta+ Kasaya

Beneath talked about six classes are fashioned from mixture of three tastes, commencing from amla rasa – bitter style,

1. Amla + Lavana+ Katu
2. Amla + Lavana+ Tikta
3. Amla +Lavana+ Kasaya
4. Amla +Katu+Tikta
5. Amla +Katu+Kasaya
6. Amla +Tikta+ Kasaya

Beneath talked about three classes are fashioned from mixture of three tastes, commencing from lavana rasa – salt style,

1. Lavana + Katu+ Tikta
2. Lavana+ Katu+ Kasaya
3. Lavana+ Tikta+ Kasaya

Beneath talked about one class is fashioned from mixture of three tastes, commencing from katu rasa – bitter style,

1. Katu+ Tikta+ Kasaya

Thus, all these put collectively kind twenty classes of mixtures of three rasas.

Classes of 4 tastes

चतुष्कान् वक्ष्यामः |
चतुष्करससंयोगान्मधुरो दश गच्छति |
चतुरोऽम्लोऽनुगच्छेच्च लवणस्त्वेकमेव तु ||११||

Now, mixtures of 4 tastes shall be described.

–        mixture of 4 tastes commencing with madhura rasa- ten classes,

–        mixture of 4 tastes commencing with amla rasa – 4 classes,

–        mixture of 4 tastes commencing with lavana rasa – one class

These are as follows-

Classes of 4 tastes

मधुराम्ललवणकटुकः(१), मधुराम्ललवणतिक्तः(२), मधुराम्ललवणकषायः(३), मधुराम्लकटुकतिक्तः(४), मधुराम्लकटुकषायः(५), मधुराम्लतिक्तकषायः(६), मधुरलवणकटुकतिक्तः(७), मधुरलवणकटुकषायः(८), मधुरलवणतिक्तकषायः(९), मधुरकटुतिक्तकषायः(१०), एवमेषां दशानामादौ मधुरः प्रयुज्यते; अम्ललवणकटुतिक्तः(१), अम्ललवणकटुकषायः(२), अम्ललवणतिक्तकषायः(३), अम्लकटुतिक्तकषायः(४), एवमेषां चतुर्णामादावम्लः; लवणकटुतिक्तकषायः(१), एवमेकस्यादौ लवणः; एवमेते चतुष्करससंयोगाः पञ्चदश कीर्तिताः ||१२||

Beneath talked about are the ten classes of 4 rasas fashioned from madhura rasa and different three tastes –

1. Madhura + Amla + Lavana + Katu
2. Madhura + Amla + Lavana +Tikta
3. Madhura + Amla + Lavana +Kasaya
4. Madhura +Amla+Katu+ Tikta
5. Madhura + Amla +Katu+ Kasaya
6. Madhura + Amla+ Tikta+ Kasaya
7. Madhura +Lavana+Katu+Tikta
8. Madhura +Lavana+Katu+ Kasaya
9. Madhura +Lavana+Tikta+Kasaya
10.                   Madhura +Katu+Tikta+Kasaya

Beneath talked about are the 4 classes of 4 rasas fashioned from amla rasa and different three tastes –

1. Amla +Lavana+ Katu+ Tikta
2. Amla+ Lavana+ KAtu+ Kasaya
3. Amla+ LAvana+  Tikta+ KAsaya
4. Amla+ Katu+ Tikta+ Kasaya

Beneath talked about is one class of 4 rasas fashioned from lavana rasa and different three tastes –

1.   Lavana + katu+ tikta+Kasaya

Thus all collectively, fifteen classes of mixtures of 4 tastes are fashioned.

Mixture of 5 tastes

पञ्चकान् वक्ष्यामः |
पञ्चकान् पञ्च मधुर एकमम्लस्तु गच्छति ||१३||

Now, mixtures of 5 tastes shall be described. They’re as follows –

–        madhura rasa – candy style would kind 5 classes with 4 different tastes,

–        amla rasa – bitter style would kind one class with 4 different tastes

मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तः(१), मधुराम्ललवणकटुकषायः(२), मधुराम्ललवणतिक्तकषायः(३), मधुराम्लकटुतिक्तकषायः(४), मधुरलवणकटुतिक्तकषायः(५), एवमेषां पञ्चानामादौ मधुरः प्रयुज्यते; अम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायः(१), एवमेकस्यादावम्लः; एवमेते षट् पञ्चकसंयोगा व्याख्याताः ||१४||

Beneath talked about are the 5 classes fashioned from 5 tastes with madhura rasa and different 4 rasas –

1. Madhura + amla + lavana + katu + tikta
2. Madhura+ amla+ LAvana+ KAtu+ Kasaya
3. Madhura+ Amla+ Lavana+ KAtu+ Kasaya
4. Madhura+ Amla+ LAvana+ Katu+ Kasaya
5. Madhura+ lavana+ Katu+Tikta+ Kasaya

Beneath talked about is one class fashioned from 5 tastes with amla rasa and different 4 rasas –

1. Amla+ lavana +katu+Tikta+ Kasaya

Mixture of six tastes

षट्कमेकं वक्ष्यामः; एकस्तु षट्कसंयोगः- मधुराम्ललवणकटुतिक्तकषायः; एष एक एव षट्संयोगः ||१५||

All of those six put collectively are the classes of mixtures of 5 tastes.

Now, the mix of six tastes shall be described.

There is just one class fashioned by the mix of all six tastes, similar to –

1. Madhura + amla + lavana + katu + tikta + Kaşāya

एकैकश्च षड्रसा भवन्ति- मधुरः(१), अम्लः(२), लवणः(३), कटुकः(४), तिक्तः(५), कषायः(६), इति ||१६||

Every style thought-about individually, kinds six classes, similar to –

–        Madhura – candy

–        Amla – bitter,

–        Lavana – salt,

–        Katu – pungent,

–        Tikta – bitter and

–        Kasaya – astringent

भवन्ति चात्र-
एषा त्रिषष्टिर्व्याख्याता रसानां रसचिन्तकैः |
दोषभेदत्रिषष्ट्यां तु प्रयोक्तव्या विचक्षणैः ||१७||

Thus, the sixty three classes of mixtures of tastes have been described. These sixty three tastes needs to be administered in accordance with the classes of mixtures of doshas as described in chapter 66.

इति श्री सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे तन्त्रभूषणाध्यायेषु रसभेदविकल्पाध्यायो नाम (प्रथमः, आदितः) त्रिषष्टितमोऽध्यायः।।६३।।

Thus ends the sixty-third chapter by identify Rasabheda Vikalpa in Uttara Sthana of Suśruta Samhita.